Nikolay N. Burdenko, the major Soviet neurosurgeon and academic, became president of the new scientific establishment founded at the People’s Commissariat of Healthcare. “We are creating the Academy of Medical Sciences – an institution that will live for centuries and that will forever remain in the history of national science,” said famous physiologist Vasily V. Parin. Since 1992 the traditions of Soviet medical scientists have been continued by the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.