В 1709 г. в России выпустили первый гражданский календарь

A new book – a schedule of daily affairs – was printed on December 28 (Julian calendar), that is, on the New Year’s Eve in the “reigning city of Moscow.” Since then, the time has been measured not by Christian holidays, but by chislennik – a little book with dates. The so-called Bruce Calendar became especially popular. In it, Peter the Great's associate, Jacob Bruce, who was generally considered a “sorcerer,” provided a “prognosis” when to catch animals and fish, make clothing, wash, and even enter marriage and start thinking. Private individuals were forbidden to print calendars and bring them from abroad – in order not to mix up the dates. Only at the turn of the 20th century, Ivan Sytin started to print something similar to modern tear-off calendars.